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RICE
Maize and rice are the country's main staple foods.....MORE


FORESTS
EAST TIMOR has a total forest area of 1.4 m ha.....MORE




 

Climate and Hidrology


The island possess a monsoon climate, typical of much of the Asian tropics. From December to March northwest to southwest winds prevail, bringing the principal wet season for the year to most parts of the island. From May until October southeast to northeast winds prevail, bringing mostly dry conditions, excepting the south coast and southern slopes where the wet season persists until July. Average annual rainfall totals vary from 565 millimetres at Manatuto along the north coast to 2837 millimetres at Lolotai in the central-western mountains.

In common with most tropical locations, extremely heavy rainfalls occasionally occur over East Timor during relatively short time intervals.

As is characteristic of the tropics, there is little temperature variation on either a diurnal or a seasonal basis. The most striking temperature variations occur with altitude. Average annual temperatures typically decrease from 27C at sea level to 24C at 500 metres elevation, 21C at 1000 metres, 18C at 1500 metres and 14C at 2000 metres elevation.

 

Relative humidity usually follows a diurnal cycle with a maximum around dawn and a minimum during the mid-afternoon. Relative humidity varies between 70% and 80%, which makes the climate humid in general, but pleasant.

Annual average evaporation varies from 1805 millimetres along the north coast at Laga to 607 millimetres at Fatu-Bessi, located at1120 metres. Evaporation is at a minimum during the first half of the year, rising to a peak around September.

Due to the constancy of the temperatures along the year, it has been hard to draw a useful climatic classification. Most authors prefer a classification based on rainfall, such as Schmidt and Ferguson which defines the number of dry months (rainfall bellow 60mm) and wet months (rainfall above 100mm) and uses these to determine a total of eight types of climate (from A- humid area to H- dry area).

Climate data are available until 1975 from 35 climate stations and 25 rainfall stations. Here we present the original data in various formats and also many studies and maps produced by various authors over the years. Edgar Sousa's fameous "Esboço duma caracterização agro-climática da província de Timor" has served as the base for many studies. Other important documents reproduced here are Keefer's "REPORT ON RESTORATION OF METEOROLOGICAL NETWORK", Silver´s "ASSESSMENT OF WATER AVAILABILITY AND WATER DEMAND IN TIMOR - LESTE AT RIVER BASIN LEVEL"and many maps produced by GERTIL and ALGIS. Luis Esteves presents some unpublished data.

Flag of Government of The Democratic Republic of  Timor-Leste

Government of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste

 
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